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Innovative Depression Treatments Many people suffering from depression find it difficult to find a treatment that they can tolerate. Some people experience a lack response to medication or suffer from uncontrollable adverse reactions. The health benefits that come from expanded treatment coverage are believed to be substantial (table 2). The discounted value of these benefits is $399 billion for depression and $169 billion for anxiety disorders. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) TMS uses a magnetic field to deliver short pulses of electric current to certain brain areas that are overactive in people with depression. The therapy is noninvasive and does not require anesthesia. It's also extremely efficient and well-tolerated when compared to antidepressant medication. A person is able to receive TMS by sitting in a chair that resembles a dentist's chair. A trained technician will place an instrument with a coil of magnetic material against the frontal area of the head. The coil's pulses are rapid and the user may feel or hear a clicking noise on their scalp. Each magnetic pulse is called”a “pulse” and the frequency of the pulses (measured in hertz, or Hz) can vary from low (1 pulse per second) to high (10 pulses per second). The treatment isn't painful The magnetic field is affecting cells located in the brain's outer layer. It depolarizes cortical neurons and the transynaptic effect may affect brain regions deeper that are involved in mood. For instance, higher frequency TMS over the left DLPFC can boost mesolimbic neuron activity that regulate emotional responses. TMS can be used as an adjunct to psychiatric drugs, and some insurance plans cover the treatment. It is essential to consult your insurance company to find out what your specific policy covers. In clinical trials, TMS showed significant and sustained improvements to depression symptoms when compared to placebo. A patient could receive up to 30 TMS sessions over the time span of several weeks. Patients with severe depression might require a more prolonged course of treatment. Certain modern treatments of TMS use a lower-frequency pulse that's less likely to cause adverse effects like seizures. While the procedure is still being considered a research project, it's a promising treatment for those who aren't responding to psychotherapy and antidepressants. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) ECT helps to restore the brain's natural chemical balance. It is among the most secure and safest treatments for depression that can be used to treat other mental health conditions like schizophrenia. The ECT procedure is performed by medical professionals and is performed in a separate room at the hospital or an outpatient treatment center. A general anaesthetic is given before the procedure, so there is no pain. The ECT team will use equipment to monitor your heart rate, blood-pressure and oxygen levels as well as brain waves. You will be given an anti-muscle relaxant as well as a mouthguard to protect your teeth. Two metal discs are placed on the head, one each side or in your forehead. The anaesthetist will then give you an injection of medication that puts you to sleep. You will be awakened in the ECT room. A member of the ECT staff will be able to answer any questions you might have. Before you are treated you will be required to fill out the consent form. It can be difficult to comprehend all the information that you are informed about ECT. It is best to bring a relative or a friend with you. You should be given at least 24 hours before being required to make a decision about the treatment. During alternative depression treatment Iampsychiatry will experience brief fits or seizures that last between 40 seconds and 2 min. The ECT doctor will adjust the intensity of your electric pulses depending on how you respond. You will likely have short sessions of ECT. Usually 6-12 sessions are scheduled twice a week. There is no single theory on how ECT is performed however it appears to trigger the release of certain chemicals that help your brain cells communicate with each other. It also appears to alter the way parts of your brain develop. ECT is very effective in treating suicidal thoughts, severe depression and catatonia that is secondary to depression and other mental health disorders. Studies show that around half of those who receive ECT improve and stay well for a period of one year or longer. It is especially helpful for those who haven't had a positive response to medication or other psychosocial treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure which involves the placement of electrodes in the brain. The electrodes are connected to a tiny neurostimulator that sends electric pulses to the region of the brain that controls your symptoms. The pulses can ease your symptoms and enhance your quality of life. DBS can treat many conditions such as movement disorders like essential tremor or Parkinson's and mental disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. It can also help reduce seizures in epilepsy sufferers. It can also be used to treat pain caused by nerve and brain conditions. DBS is an effective treatment for many patients suffering from TRD and can be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as ECT. It is important to note that not all patients will benefit from DBS. Certain patients may not see any improvement in their symptoms while others may be experiencing worsening depression. This lack of response is likely to be due to a mix of factors, including patient-related factors like personality traits or psychiatric co-morbidity, and other factors related to clinical issues, like inaccurate diagnosis or suboptimal DBS treatment. Researchers employed a machine-learning algorithm to classify changes in LFPs that were recorded during intraoperative DBS. The results revealed that an improvement in depression symptoms was linked with changes in beta power. These results suggest DBS can be used to predict the severity of antidepressant effects. However more research is needed to test this hypothesis. DBS is a well-established treatment for movement disorders and it is also being used to treat an increasing number of mental health issues. However, it is not widely recognized as an option for treating depression. The FDA has approved DBS to help reduce seizures in patients with difficult-to-treat Epilepsy. Research is currently being conducted to determine if DBS is effective in treating depression. You should discuss the DBS procedure with a neurologist before undergoing it. Your neurologist will examine you and recommend the most appropriate treatment option for you. He or she will also inform you of the potential risks and benefits of DBS. You should also inquire about any preparations or tests you might need to take before the procedure. You may require an imaging test, blood test and other tests prior to the procedure. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the most commonly used kinds of psychotherapy and has been proven effective in a number of different outcome studies. It is usually used as a standalone treatment however it can be used in conjunction with medication in some instances. CBT is a type of psychotherapy that assists you to change negative thoughts and behaviors that contribute to depression. It is based on the notion that the way you perceive and react to situations is more important than the actual situation itself. It is a highly active form of psychotherapy that emphasizes solving problems and discovering and changing dysfunctional thinking patterns. The goal of CBT is to assist you in becoming your own therapist by helping you to understand and alter the way you think and behave. It utilizes homework and exercises during and outside of the session to help you learn new abilities. CBT focuses on current issues and challenges and not on past experiences or root causes. However, it does take some knowledge about your personal history to be able to recognize and address issues present. CBT is a relatively short-term therapy that typically lasts 6-20 sessions. It is an empirically-based therapy, and its duration is determined by whether you meet the goals you set at the beginning of therapy. It is a highly active and demanding therapy that requires an intense level of commitment and hard work from you. There are a myriad of different types of cognitive behavior therapies that may be useful for you, such as acceptance and commitment therapy, which helps you to engage in positive behaviors even when you experience negative emotions or thoughts as well as dialectical behavior therapy, which is designed to address chronic suicidal thoughts and self-injury and interpersonal psychotherapy, which is aimed at resolving relationship problems that are contributing to depression. There are many exciting new treatments in the pipeline that could revolutionize the game for people with depression. There are some that are already in use for treatment, like deep brain stimulation, in which a surgeon implants electrodes in your brain, which send out painful zaps that alter the electrical activity that's the cause of your symptoms. Many other breakthroughs are still in the research phase, such as personalized medicine for depression that could eventually eliminate the trial-and-error process of finding what works best for you.